The Bird’s Head Seascape in Indonesia is home to more than 1,200 species of fish and 600 species of coral. Many of the corals build coral reefs, which are home to hundreds more species, from tiny seaweeds to large sharks. Some places in the world have a large number of endemic species —species that exist only in that place. The Cape Madagascar - Its people and eclectic culture. With over 18 different tribes, traditions and cultures, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. The Malagasy people are referred to as both highlanders (including the Merina, Betsileo and Sihanaka) and the coastal people, including Sakalava, Antaifasy, Bara, and Bezanozano. Madagascar is one of the top priority global hotspots for biodiversity conservation (), affected by a high rate of habitat destruction ().Its fauna and flora evolved largely in isolation (), and many taxa are characterized by a high degree of microendemism within Madagascar (24–27). The ring-tailed lemur and Verreaux’s sifaka, also known as the “dancing lemur,” are two of the 107 lemur species that live in Madagascar. However, 96% of lemur species, or 103 out of 107 species, are facing extinction due to habitat loss from the routine clearing of forests for wood charcoal, firewood, and subsistence farming, as well as The authors sampled the endemic forest-dwelling Helictopleurini dung beetles across Madagascar during 2002–2006, suggesting that deforestation has already caused the extinction, or effective extinction, of a large number of insect species with small geographical ranges, typical for many endemic taxa in Madagascar. Madagascar has lost about half of its forest cover since 1953 with much However, our knowledge of the species in Madagascar is still poor. Lecomtella madagascariensis, an endemic Madagascan grass, was recently collected and sequenced for the first time using Next Generation Sequencing, where DNA is broken into tiny fragments and specialist algorithms are used to reassemble the sequences of those fragments. Unfortunately, many of these species are currently facing the threat of extinction, making Madagascar one of the world’s most critical conservation priorities. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Madagascar is home to more than 100,000 species, 90% of which are found nowhere else in the world. Madagascar's lush rainforests, tropical dry forests, plateaus and deserts are under siege Only 10% of Madagascar’s original forests remain, and 1,101 species are threatened with extinction. Mining and deforestation have opened up remote areas to poachers who illegally traffic the island’s rare species, like geckos, tortoises and snakes. In northern Madagascar lies Ankarafantsika National Park, which protects one of the island’s last remaining tracts of dry tropical forest. The park spreads for 520 square miles on either side of the R4 highway and is home to many endemic and endangered species—including more than 800 rare species of plant and tree. fHlOFZ7.

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